Improving how you plan and create content for teaching in a world with AI
These are the slides from a lecture prepared by Dr. Gabriela Palis from the Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
It demonstrates how AI can help on preparing lesson plans an uses as an example a teaching intervention on "Red Eye"for medical students
Conflict of interest
None.
Lesson Planning
1
Lesson Plan
2
Objectives
3
Materials
4
Duration
5
Theory
6
Assessment
7
Activities (e.g. discussions, multimedia, cases)
8
Delivering lectures
9
Homework assignments
Prepare a lesson plan on "The Red Eye"
For medical students
Define learning objectives
List a sequence of activities to help them achieve these objectives
1.5 hours
Lesson Plan Outline
This lesson plan was prepared with the help of Chat GPT. In the following pages you will see the suggestions Chat GPT suggested.
A well-structured lesson plan helps educators deliver a cohesive and engaging learning experience.
Lesson Title: The Red Eye - Causes and Evaluation
Objective:
By the end of this lesson, medical students should be able to:
  • Understand the common causes of a red eye.
  • Describe the clinical features associated with different causes.
  • Explain the initial evaluation and diagnostic steps for a patient presenting with a red eye.
Lesson Structure and Materials
Introduction (15 minutes)
Begin with an engaging introduction to the importance of understanding red eye presentations in clinical practice.
Materials:
  • PowerPoint presentation
  • Whiteboard and markers
  • Case studies or images of red eye conditions
  • Ophthalmoscope (optional)
Duration:
Approximately 1.5 hours
Causes of a Red Eye
Use a PowerPoint presentation to explain the common causes of a red eye, including:
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage
  • Conjunctivitis
  • Keratitis
  • Uveitis
  • Glaucoma
  • Foreign body
  • Allergic reactions
  • Dry eye syndrome
Discuss the typical clinical features and symptoms associated with each cause. Encourage students to ask questions and share their observations.
Clinical Evaluation
Patient history
Includes onset, duration, pain, discharge, recent eye trauma, or allergies.
Visual acuity assessment
Assess the patient's vision using a Snellen chart or other standardized tools.
External eye examination
Observe for any abnormalities in the eyelids, conjunctiva, cornea, or sclera.
Pupil examination
Assess the size, shape, and reactivity of the pupils to light.
Case Studies and Differential Diagnosis
Present case studies or images of patients with red eye conditions and ask students to diagnose and describe the findings.
Review the differential diagnosis for a red eye based on clinical evaluation. Encourage students to discuss the reasoning behind their differential diagnoses.
Treatment and Management
Discuss the general principles of treatment and management for common red eye conditions.
Provide students with practical guidelines on when to refer patients to an ophthalmologist or other specialists.
Create 5 slides for a lecture on Common Causes of a Red Eye
Slide 1: Title Slide
Title: Common Causes of Red Eye
Subtitle: An Overview for Medical Students
Your Name
Date
Slide 2: Introduction
Introduction to Red Eye
Definition: Red eye is a common ophthalmological condition characterized by redness or bloodshot appearance of the eye.
Importance: Red eye presentations are encountered frequently in clinical practice, and understanding their causes is crucial.
Slide 3: Common Causes - Part 1
Engaging Introduction
As you embark on your journey to understand the intricacies of the red eye, picture this: a patient walks into the clinic with a crimson eye, seeking answers and relief. It's not just about appearances; the red eye can signify a multitude of underlying conditions, some of which can pose a threat to vision. In this exploration, we will delve into the diverse causes, clinical features, and diagnostic strategies related to the red eye. By the end of this learning experience, you'll be equipped with the knowledge and skills to approach the red eye with confidence, unravel its mysteries, and provide exceptional care to those who rely on your expertise.
Interactive Activities for Engaging Learning
Interactive Activities for Engaging Learning
1
Case-based discussions
2
Visual identification exercise
3
Simulation or role-play
4
Slit-lamp demonstration
5
Ophthalmoscope practice
6
Peer teaching
7
Interactive quizzes
8
Mystery patient activity
9
Peer evaluation
10
Problem-solving scenarios
11
Role of the eye specialist
12
Debate on treatment options
Small Group Discussion on the Burden of Blindness
This interactive session encourages medical students to think critically about the challenges faced by individuals with vision loss.
Small Group Discussion: Structure and Materials
Objective:
To educate medical students about the causes, impact, and prevention of blindness, and encourage discussion and critical thinking about the topic.
Materials Needed:
  • Projector and screen (if available)
  • Printed handouts with relevant statistics and information
Small Group Discussion: Session Outline
Introduction (5 minutes)
Welcome and a brief introduction to the topic.
Presentation (15 minutes)
Provide an overview of the global burden of blindness, its causes, and prevalence. Discuss the social, economic, and personal impacts of blindness. Share key statistics and facts.
Case Studies (10 minutes)
Show brief case studies of individuals living with blindness, highlighting their challenges and adaptations. Encourage students to reflect on the human aspects of blindness.
Small Group Discussion: Group Activity
Group Activity: Brainstorming Solutions (10 minutes)
Divide the students into smaller groups (around 6-8 students each). Provide each group with a hypothetical scenario related to the prevention or management of blindness. In their groups, students should brainstorm innovative solutions and strategies to address the given scenario.
Group Sharing and Discussion (10 minutes)
Each group presents their solutions and discusses the rationale behind their ideas. Encourage constructive feedback and open discussion among the students.
Small Group Discussion: Closing
Summary and Takeaways (5 minutes)
Summarize the key points discussed during the session. Emphasize the importance of early detection, preventive measures, and the role of healthcare professionals in addressing the burden of blindness.
Closing (5 minutes)
Thank the students for their participation and engagement. Provide additional resources for those interested in further exploration of the topic.
Debate on Conjunctivitis Referral
Debate Format
Divide participants into two teams, one supporting the proposition (referral to an ophthalmologist) and the other opposing it. Each team should present arguments and counterarguments.
Pros of Referral to an Ophthalmologist
  • Specialized Care: Ophthalmologists are experts in eye conditions and can provide specialized care.
  • Timely Treatment: Direct referral can expedite treatment for serious eye conditions.
  • Reduced Costs: Skipping a general evaluation can save time and resources if the eye condition is straightforward.
Debate on Conjunctivitis Referral: Counterarguments
Cons of Referral to an Ophthalmologist
  • Missed Diagnoses: Skipping a general evaluation may lead to missed systemic conditions with ocular manifestations.
  • Overburdened Ophthalmologists: Unnecessary referrals can overwhelm ophthalmology services.
  • Cost Inefficiency: A general evaluation can be more cost-effective for straightforward cases.
Debate on Conjunctivitis Referral: Guidelines
Debate Guidelines
  • Each team should prepare arguments, including statistics, case studies, and expert opinions to support their stance.
  • Encourage participants to consider the severity and complexity of conjunctivitis cases in their arguments.
  • Allow for cross-examination and rebuttals between teams.
  • Emphasize the importance of evidence-based medicine and patient-centered care in the debate.
Debate on Conjunctivitis Referral: Moderation and Participation
Moderator's Role
Appoint a neutral moderator to ensure a balanced and respectful discussion. The moderator can also encourage participants to provide references to support their points.
Audience Participation
Encourage the audience to ask questions and vote on the most convincing arguments after the debate.
Recommended Websites for Further Learning
These resources provide comprehensive information and clinical guidelines on eye conditions.
  • AAO
  • EyeWiki
  • The Royal College of Ophthalmologists
  • Medscape
  • UpToDate
  • American Optometric Association
  • WebPathology
  • PubMed
Recommended Youtube Videos for Further Learning
Channels:
These channels provide insightful videos on various ophthalmological topics.
  • Osmosis
  • Armando Hasudungan
  • Dr. Najeeb Lectures
Specific videos:
  • Red Eye causes & management by Dr. Rajeev Reddy Pogal
  • Conjunctivitis by Healthchannel
  • Glaucoma by Osmosis
  • Corneal abrasions by CEI
  • Allergic conjunctivitis by Ninja Nerd
Homework Assignment: Problem-Based Learning Cases
Generate 5 problem-based learning cases for medical students about red eye.
  • Case: Acute Conjunctivitis
  • Case: Ocular Foreign Body
Create an Assessment Plan for This Lesson
A comprehensive assessment plan helps educators evaluate students' understanding of the lesson's objectives.
Assessment Plan: Formative and Summative
Formative Assessment (During the Lesson)
  • Q&A Session (15 minutes): After covering each section of the lesson, engage students in a brief Q&A session. Ask questions related to the content and encourage students to provide answers. This will help gauge their comprehension as the lesson progresses.
  • Group Discussions (20 minutes): Divide students into small groups and provide them with case scenarios related to red eye conditions. Each group should discuss the case, make a diagnosis, and suggest appropriate management. Facilitators should assess the quality of group discussions and the ability to apply knowledge.
Summative Assessment (End of the Lesson)
  • Written Examination (30 minutes): Administer a written exam that includes multiple-choice questions, short-answer questions, and case-based scenarios. The questions should cover all aspects of the lesson, including categorizing red eye conditions, clinical evaluation, common causes, and initial management.
Practical Assessment (Homework Assignment)
  • Homework Assignment (To be submitted within a week): Assign each student a case study involving a patient with a red eye condition. Students are required to write a comprehensive report that includes the patient's history, clinical examination findings, diagnosis, and proposed management plan. This practical assessment measures the students' ability to apply the knowledge gained during the lesson to real clinical scenarios.
Assessment Plan: Grading and Scoring
Grading
  • Formative Assessment (Q&A and Group Discussions): These assessments are primarily for participation and engagement. Students will receive participation grades based on their contributions and interactions.
  • Summative Assessment (Written Examination): The written exam will be graded based on correctness and completeness of the responses. Each question should carry a specific point value.
  • Practical Assessment (Homework Assignment): The homework assignment will be graded based on the depth of understanding, accuracy of diagnosis and management, and the clarity of presentation.
Scoring
  • Formative Assessment: Pass/Fail
  • Summative Assessment: Total points out of a set maximum (e.g., 100 points)
  • Practical Assessment: Graded on a rubric-based scale, e.g., Excellent (90-100), Good (70-89), Satisfactory (50-69), Needs Improvement (0-49).
Assessment Plan: Feedback and Follow-Up
Feedback
Provide constructive feedback to students for both formative and summative assessments. This feedback should help students understand their strengths and areas for improvement.
Follow-Up
After grading the summative assessment and practical assessment, schedule a follow-up session to discuss the results and address any questions or concerns raised by students.
Assessment Alignment with Learning Objectives
Create Questions for Testing Knowledge of Common Causes of Red Eye
These questions assess students' understanding of the various causes of a red eye.
Multiple Choice Questions
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of red eye? 
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage 
  • Allergic conjunctivitis 
  • Otitis media
  • Herpetic keratitis
Multiple Choice Questions
What is the most common cause of a red eye? 
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage 
  • Allergic conjunctivitis 
  • Acute angle-closure glaucoma 
  • Herpetic keratitis
Answer and Feedback: Multiple Choice Question
Question: What is the most common cause of a red eye?
Correct Answer: a) Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Feedback: The most common cause of a red eye is a subconjunctival hemorrhage, which occurs when small blood vessels on the eye's surface break and cause a red patch on the white part of the eye. This condition is typically painless and is often due to minor trauma or the natural aging process. While other conditions listed can also cause a red eye, subconjunctival hemorrhage is the most common and is generally not associated with discomfort or visual disturbances.
Feedback for Each Answer: Multiple Choice Question
Question: What is the most common cause of a red eye?
1. Subconjunctival hemorrhage
Correct Answer and Feedback: You've selected the correct answer! A subconjunctival hemorrhage is indeed the most common cause of a red eye. It results from the rupture of small blood vessels on the eye's surface, leading to a red patch on the white part of the eye. This condition is usually painless and often occurs due to minor trauma or can be a result of the natural aging process.
2. Allergic conjunctivitis
Feedback: While allergic conjunctivitis can certainly cause a red eye, it is not the most common cause. Allergic conjunctivitis typically presents with itching, tearing, and redness due to an allergic reaction to environmental allergens like pollen or pet dander.
3. Acute angle-closure glaucoma
Feedback: Acute angle-closure glaucoma can cause a red eye, particularly when it presents with symptoms such as a sudden, painful red eye, decreased vision, and a fixed mid-dilated pupil. However, it is not the most common cause of a red eye. This condition is less common and considered an ocular emergency.
4. Herpetic keratitis
Feedback: Herpetic keratitis, which is a viral infection of the cornea caused by the herpes simplex virus, can lead to eye redness and other symptoms, but it is not the most common cause of a red eye. This condition is characterized by painful, recurrent eye infections and is usually not as prevalent as a subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Create Questions with Other Formats: Extended Matching, True/False, Short Answer
These question formats offer diverse ways to assess students' knowledge of red eye conditions.
Extended Matching Questions
Match the red eye causes with their descriptions.
Causes
  • Bacterial conjunctivitis 
  • Scleritis 
  • Viral conjunctivitis 
  • Corneal abrasion
Descriptions
  • Often presents with itching, tearing, and a stringy discharge.
  • Deep aching pain, photophobia, and blurring of vision.
  • Painful red eye with purulent discharge and eyelid crusting.
  • Occurs due to a scratched cornea, leading to pain and a foreign body sensation.
Answers
  • a) 3
  • b) 2
  • c) 1
  • d) 4
True/False Questions
True or False: Acute angle-closure glaucoma can present with a sudden, painful red eye, decreased vision, and a fixed mid-dilated pupil.
Answer: True
Short Answer Questions
Name one red flag symptom that may indicate a potentially serious condition causing a red eye.
Answer: Sudden vision loss
Provide a common symptom associated with allergic conjunctivitis.
Answer: Itching
ChatGPT Limitations
While ChatGPT can be a valuable tool, it's important to be aware of its limitations and potential biases.
  • May occasionally generate incorrect information.
  • May occasionally produce biased content.
  • Limited knowledge of world and events after 2021 
  • Cannot generate >500 words
  • Ask for more…
Sallam M. ChatGPT Utility in Healthcare Education, Research, and Practice: Systematic Review on the Promising Perspectives and Valid Concerns. Healthcare (Basel) 2023 Mar; 11(6): 887.
This systematic review provides insights into the potential benefits and concerns of using ChatGPT in healthcare education.
Mohammad B et al. The Pros and Cons of Using ChatGPT in Medical Education: A Scoping Review. Stud Health Technol Inform. 2023; 305:644-7
This scoping review highlights the advantages and disadvantages of integrating ChatGPT into medical education.
Potential Limitations of AI in Education
Be aware of these potential pitfalls when using AI in education.
  • Academic integrity concerns
  • Accuracy & dependability
  • Potential detriments to learning
Tips for Effective Communication with AI
Follow these tips to communicate effectively with AI and get the desired results.
  • Be specific & concise – write detailed commands/prompts, not requests… (it's a MACHINE!)
  • DON'T: Dearest ChatGPT, would you be so very kind to please help me graciously with your vast knowledge and superb experience?
  • DO: Write 10 multiple choice questions on Ocular trauma for medical students, with their correct answer.
Key Elements of Effective Prompts
1
Use good keywords
2
Action words: create, list, generate, build, provide, recommend
3
Identify a purpose
4
Specify the audience
5
Tell ChatGPT its role
6
Provide context
7
Give length parameters
8
Ask for specifics
ChatGPT: A Great Assistant for Medical Educators
Chat GPT and other LLMs are a great resource for helping you with your teaching activities.
Go out and test it!
With the right approach, ChatGPT can be a valuable assistant for medical educators, helping them to plan and create content more efficiently and effectively.